Singapore-Cambridge GCE O-Level Science (Chemistry) · Paper 1 (MCQ) + Paper 3 (Structured) · codes 5076 / 5078 / 5086 / 5088 · 2010–2026
| Year | Paper | Syllabus | What was asked — question by question | Dead content |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026October/November 2026 | P3 | 2023 syl5088 |
| — |
| 2025October/November 2025 | P1 | 2023 syl5088 | Q1 C1Q2 C2Q3 C2Q4 C3Q5 C3Q6 C4Q7 C4Q8 C5Q9 C5Q10 C6Q11 C6Q12 C7Q13 C8Q14 C8Q15 C8Q16 C9Q17 C10Q18 C11Q19 C11Q20 C12 | — |
| 2025October/November 2025 | P3 | 2023 syl5086 |
| — |
| 2024Oct/Nov 2024 | P1 (5078) | old syl5078 | Q1 C1Q2 C6Q3 C2Q4 C3Q5 C3Q6 C4Q7 C4Q8 C9Q9 C10Q10 C7Q11 C5Q12 C5Q13 C8Q14 C8Q15 C8Q16 C8Q17 C11Q18 C11Q19 C11Q20 C12 | 2 marks R-RECYCLEMETAL, R-SALTPREP-COMB |
| 2024Oct/Nov 2024 | P1 (5088)PARTIAL SCAN | 2023 syl5088 | Q1 C1Q2 C1Q3 C2Q4 C2Q5 C3Q6 C3Q7 C4Q8 C4Q9 C5Q10 C6Q11 C7Q12 C8Q13 C8Q14 C8Q15 C9Q16 C10Q17 C11Q18 C11Q19 C11Q20 C12 | — |
| 2024Oct/Nov 2024 | P3 | 2023 syl5086 |
| — |
| 2024Specimen Paper (for examination from 2024) | SP P1SPECIMEN — not a sitting | 2023 syl5086 | Q21 C1Q22 C2Q23 C3Q24 C3Q25 C3Q26 C4Q27 C4Q28 C5Q29 C5Q30 C6Q31 C7Q32 C8Q33 C8Q34 C8Q35 C9Q36 C10Q37 C11Q38 C11Q39 C11Q40 C12 | 1 marks not in 2023 syllabus |
| 2024Specimen Paper (for examination from 2024) | SP P3SPECIMEN — not a sitting | 2023 syl5086 |
| — |
| 2023Oct/Nov 2023 | P1 | old syl5078 | Q1 C1Q2 C6Q3 C2Q4 C2Q5 C3Q6 C4Q7 C4Q8 C9Q9 C10Q10 C7Q11 C5Q12 C5Q13 C8Q14 C8Q15 C8Q16 C8Q17 C11Q18 C11Q19 C11Q20 C12 | 2 marks R-FRACTIONUSES, R-SALTPREP-COMB |
| 2023Oct/Nov 2023 | P3 | old syl5078 |
| 11 marks R-FRACTIONUSES, R-RECYCLEMETAL, R-SALTPREP-COMB, not in 2023 |
| 2022October/November 2022 | P1 | old syl5076 | Q21 C1Q22 C10Q23 C1Q24 C3Q25 C3Q26 C4Q27 C4Q28 C9Q29 C10Q30 C7Q31 C5Q32 C5Q33 C8Q34 C8Q35 C8Q36 C12Q37 C11Q38 C11Q39 C11Q40 C11 | 1 marks R-SALTPREP-COMB |
| 2022Oct/Nov 2022 | P3 | old syl5076 |
| 5 marks R-BLASTFURNACE, R-FRACTIONUSES, R-RECYCLEMETAL |
| 2021Oct/Nov 2021 | P1 | old syl5076 | Q21 C1Q22 C6Q23 C2Q24 C2Q25 C3Q26 C4Q27 C4Q28 C9Q29 C10Q30 C7Q31 C5Q32 C5Q33 C8Q34 C8Q35 C8Q36 C8Q37 C12Q38 C11Q39 C11Q40 C11 | 2 marks R-FRACTIONUSES, R-SALTPREP-COMB |
| 2021Oct/Nov 2021 | P3 | old syl5076 |
| 6 marks R-BLASTFURNACE, R-SALTPREP-COMB, not in 2023 syllabus |
| 2020October/November 2020 | P1 | old syl5078 | Q1 C1Q2 C1Q3 C6Q4 C2Q5 C3Q6 C4Q7 C4Q8 C4Q9 C9Q10 C10Q11 C7Q12 C5Q13 C5Q14 C8Q15 C8Q16 C8Q17 C12Q36 C11Q37 C11Q38 C11 | 2 marks R-BLASTFURNACE, R-FRACTIONUSES |
| 2020Oct/Nov 2020 | P3 | old syl5078 |
| 9 marks R-RECYCLEMETAL, R-SALTPREP-COMB |
| 2019October/November 2019 | P1 | old syl5076 | Q21 C1Q22 C6Q23 C2Q24 C3Q25 C3Q26 C4Q27 C4Q28 C9Q29 C10Q30 C7Q31 C10Q32 C5Q33 C8Q34 C8Q35 C8Q36 C8Q37 C12Q38 C11Q39 C11Q40 C11 | 2 marks R-RECYCLEMETAL, not in 2023 syllabus |
| 2019Oct/Nov 2019 | P3 | old syl5076 |
| 10 marks R-BLASTFURNACE, R-FRACTIONUSES, R-SALTPREP-COMB, not in 2023 |
| 2018Oct/Nov 2018 | P1 | old syl5076 | Q21 C1Q22 C6Q23 C2Q24 C3Q25 C4Q26 C4Q27 C9Q28 C10Q29 C7Q30 C5Q31 C5Q32 C8Q33 C8Q34 C8Q35 C12Q36 C12Q37 C11Q38 C11Q39 C11Q40 C11 | 2 marks R-RECYCLEMETAL, not in 2023 syllabus |
| 2018Oct/Nov 2018 | P3 | old syl5076 |
| 4 marks R-SALTPREP-COMB |
| 2017October/November 2017 | P1 | old syl5078 | Q21 C1Q22 C6Q23 C2Q24 C3Q25 C4Q26 C4Q27 C9Q28 C7Q29 C5Q30 C5Q31 C8Q32 C8Q33 C3Q34 C8Q35 C12Q36 C12Q37 C11Q38 C11Q39 C11Q40 C11 | 4 marks R-FRACTIONUSES, R-SALTPREP-COMB, not in 2023 syllabus |
| 2017Oct/Nov 2017 | P3 | old syl5076 |
| 3 marks R-SALTPREP-COMB |
| 2016Oct/Nov 2016 | P1 | old syl5076 | Q21 C1Q22 C6Q23 C2Q24 C4Q25 C4Q26 C4Q27 C9Q28 C10Q29 C7Q30 C5Q31 C5Q32 C8Q33 C8Q34 C3Q35 C8Q36 C12Q37 C12Q38 C11Q39 C11Q40 C11 | 1 marks R-SALTPREP-COMB |
| 2016Oct/Nov 2016 | P3 | old syl5076 |
| 10 marks R-BLASTFURNACE, not in 2023 syllabus |
| 2015Oct/Nov 2015 | P1 | old syl5076 | Q21 C1Q22 C6Q23 C2Q24 C3Q25 C4Q26 C9Q27 C10Q28 C7Q29 C5Q30 C8Q31 C8Q32 C3Q33 C8Q34 C8Q35 C12Q36 C11Q37 C11Q38 C11Q39 C11Q40 C11 | 3 marks R-FRACTIONUSES, R-RECYCLEMETAL, not in 2023 syllabus |
| 2015Oct/Nov 2015 | P3 | old syl5076 |
| 5 marks not in 2023 syllabus |
| 2014October/November 2014 | P1 | old syl5076 | Q21 C1Q22 C8Q23 C2Q24 C2Q25 C3Q26 C3Q27 C4Q28 C4Q29 C9Q30 C10Q31 C7Q32 C5Q33 C8Q34 C8Q35 C8Q36 C8Q37 C12Q38 C11Q39 C11Q40 C11 | 2 marks R-FRACTIONUSES, not in 2023 syllabus |
| 2014Oct/Nov 2014 | P3 | old syl5078 |
| 9 marks R-BLASTFURNACE, R-FRACTIONUSES, R-RECYCLEMETAL |
| 2014Specimen Paper (for examination from 2014) | SP P1SPECIMEN — not a sitting | old syl5078 | Q1 C1Q2 C6Q3 C2Q4 C3Q5 C3Q6 C4Q7 C4Q8 C9Q9 C10Q10 C7Q11 C5Q12 C8Q13 C8Q14 C5Q15 C8Q16 C3Q17 C12Q18 C11Q19 C11Q20 C11 | 3 marks R-FRACTIONUSES, not in 2023 syllabus |
| 2013October/November 2013 | P1 | old syl5078 | Q21 C1Q22 C6Q23 C2Q24 C2Q25 C3Q26 C3Q27 C4Q28 C4Q29 C9Q30 C10Q31 C7Q32 C5Q33 C8Q34 C8Q35 C8Q36 C12Q37 C11Q38 C11Q39 C11Q40 C11 | 5 marks R-RECYCLEMETAL, R-SALTPREP-COMB, not in 2023 syllabus |
| 2013Oct/Nov 2013 | P3 | old syl5076 |
| 4 marks R-SALTPREP-COMB |
| 2012Oct/Nov 2012 | P1 | old syl5076 | Q21 C1Q22 C3Q23 C2Q24 C3Q25 C3Q26 C4Q27 C4Q28 C9Q29 C10Q30 C7Q31 C5Q32 C5Q33 C8Q34 C8Q35 C8Q36 C12Q37 C11Q38 C11Q39 C11Q40 C11 | 1 marks R-BLASTFURNACE |
| 2012Oct/Nov 2012 | P3 | old syl5076 |
| 8 marks R-SALTPREP-COMB, not in 2023 syllabus |
| 2011October/November 2011 | P1 | old syl5076 | Q21 C6Q22 C2Q23 C2Q24 C8Q25 C3Q26 C4Q27 C4Q28 C9Q29 C10Q30 C7Q31 C5Q32 C8Q33 C8Q34 C8Q35 C12Q36 C11Q37 C11Q38 C11Q39 C11Q40 C11 | 4 marks R-BLASTFURNACE, R-FRACTIONUSES, R-SALTPREP-COMB, not in 2023 |
| 2011Oct/Nov 2011 | P3 | old syl5076 |
| 2 marks R-RECYCLEMETAL, R-SALTPREP-COMB |
| 2010October/November 2010 | P1 | old syl5076 | Q21 C1Q22 C6Q23 C2Q24 C3Q25 C4Q26 C4Q27 C9Q28 C10Q29 C7Q30 C5Q31 C5Q32 C5Q33 C8Q34 C8Q35 C8Q36 C8Q37 C12Q38 C11Q39 C11Q40 C11 | 1 marks R-SALTPREP-COMB |
| 2010October/November 2010 | P3 | old syl5076 |
| 6 marks R-RECYCLEMETAL, not in 2023 syllabus |
Each paper broken down question by question: Q1 Ch 1, 2 5m means question 1 drew on chapters 1 and 2 and was worth 5 marks. Hover a question for what it actually asked. For Paper 1 (multiple choice) each chip is one question and its chapter (Q3 C8 = Q3, chapter 8). In Section B, either/or alternatives of one question are listed separately, and choose-a-question items are marked optional.
| Topic | ’10 | ’11 | ’12 | ’13 | ’14 | ’15 | ’16 | ’17 | ’18 | ’19 | ’20 | ’21 | ’22 | ’23 | ’24 | ’25 | SP ’24 | Avg | Last 5 | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Experimental ChemistryMatter - Structures and Properties (Topics 1-3) | 1 | · | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 6% |
| 2. The Particulate Nature of MatterMatter - Structures and Properties (Topics 1-3) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | · | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 7% |
| 3. Chemical Bonding and StructureMatter - Structures and Properties (Topics 1-3) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 8% |
| 4. Chemical CalculationsChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 12% |
| 5. Acid-Base ChemistryChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 2 | · | 2 | · | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 7% |
| 6. Qualitative AnalysisChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 1 | 1 | · | 1 | · | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 5% |
| 7. Redox ChemistryChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | 0.9 | 1.0 | 5% |
| 8. Patterns in the Periodic TableChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 15% |
| 9. Chemical EnergeticsChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 6% |
| 10. Rate of ReactionsChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 6% |
| 11. Organic ChemistryChemistry in a Sustainable World (Topics 11-12) | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 17% |
| 12. Maintaining Air QualityChemistry in a Sustainable World (Topics 11-12) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 7% |
| Live total | 19 | 16 | 19 | 15 | 18 | 17 | 19 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 20 | 19 | 17.9 | 18.6 | |
| Removed content (not counted) | 1 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | · | 1 |
SP columns are 2023-syllabus specimen papers — a guide to what the board intends, not a sitting; they are excluded from Avg, Last 5 and the forecast.
| Topic | ’10 | ’11 | ’12 | ’13 | ’14 | ’15 | ’16 | ’17 | ’18 | ’19 | ’20 | ’21 | ’22 | ’23 | ’24 | ’25 | ’26 | SP ’24 | Avg | Last 5 | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Experimental ChemistryMatter - Structures and Properties (Topics 1-3) | 6 | 4 | · | 2 | 6 | · | 9 | · | 4 | 3.3 | · | 3.3 | 1 | 0.7 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 5% |
| 2. The Particulate Nature of MatterMatter - Structures and Properties (Topics 1-3) | 4 | 2 | 4.7 | 2 | 2.7 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 12 | 1.3 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 2.5 | 9 | 7 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 8% |
| 3. Chemical Bonding and StructureMatter - Structures and Properties (Topics 1-3) | 8.7 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 6.7 | 10 | 5.3 | 8 | 8.7 | 7.3 | 8 | 6 | 3.7 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 7.2 | 13% |
| 4. Chemical CalculationsChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 9 | 8 | 8.3 | 16.7 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 10.7 | 7.3 | 12.7 | 9 | 10 | 8.3 | 7 | 6 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 10.1 | 8.2 | 17% |
| 5. Acid-Base ChemistryChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 4 | 3.7 | 2.7 | · | 1.3 | 2 | 2.7 | 6 | 10 | 2.3 | · | 7 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 4.5 | 2 | 3.8 | 4.7 | 6% |
| 6. Qualitative AnalysisChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 2 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 2.3 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 5.7 | 7.2 | 9% |
| 7. Redox ChemistryChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | · | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | · | · | 1.3 | · | · | 2 | · | 2.3 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 2% |
| 8. Patterns in the Periodic TableChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 6 | 12.7 | 14.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 13.3 | 5 | 13.3 | 2.3 | 4 | 6.3 | 4 | 10.7 | 2.7 | 6 | 7 | 7.5 | 6.5 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 13% |
| 9. Chemical EnergeticsChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | · | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | · | 0.7 | 1 | 0.5 | 4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 1% |
| 10. Rate of ReactionsChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 6 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 2.7 | 3.3 | · | 1 | 6.7 | 8 | · | 3.3 | 4.7 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 6% |
| 11. Organic ChemistryChemistry in a Sustainable World (Topics 11-12) | 11.7 | 10.7 | 6 | 6.7 | 8 | 8 | 11.7 | 7.3 | 11 | 10 | 18.7 | 11.3 | 9 | 10.3 | 12.5 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 10.5 | 11.4 | 17% |
| 12. Maintaining Air QualityChemistry in a Sustainable World (Topics 11-12) | 2.7 | · | · | 2 | 2 | · | 2 | · | · | · | · | 2 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 7 | 1.8 | 4.0 | 3% |
| Live total | 60 | 63 | 58.3 | 61 | 56 | 61.7 | 57.7 | 62 | 62.3 | 56.7 | 56 | 59 | 60 | 57 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 60.3 | 62.4 | |
| Removed content (not counted) | 5 | 2 | 6.7 | 4 | 9 | 3.3 | 7.3 | 3 | 2.7 | 8.3 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 8 | · | · | · | · |
SP columns are 2023-syllabus specimen papers — a guide to what the board intends, not a sitting; they are excluded from Avg, Last 5 and the forecast.
| Topic | Pre-2023 | 2023 syl | Shift | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12. Maintaining Air Quality | 3.4% | 6.9% | +3.5 | heavier under the new syllabus |
| 6. Qualitative Analysis | 7.8% | 9.7% | +1.9 | heavier under the new syllabus |
| 5. Acid-Base Chemistry | 6.2% | 7.1% | +0.9 | broadly unchanged |
| 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | 7.4% | 8.3% | +0.9 | broadly unchanged |
| 9. Chemical Energetics | 1.9% | 2.7% | +0.7 | broadly unchanged |
| 1. Experimental Chemistry | 5.1% | 5.6% | +0.6 | broadly unchanged |
| 11. Organic Chemistry | 16.9% | 17.1% | +0.2 | broadly unchanged |
| 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure | 12.1% | 12.2% | +0.2 | broadly unchanged |
| 10. Rate of Reactions | 6.4% | 5.6% | -0.8 | broadly unchanged |
| 7. Redox Chemistry | 2.8% | 1.6% | -1.3 | broadly unchanged |
| 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | 13.6% | 11.3% | -2.3 | lighter under the new syllabus |
| 4. Chemical Calculations | 16.3% | 11.9% | -4.4 | lighter under the new syllabus |
Marks per year that test content a 2026 candidate is no longer examined on — 83 sub-parts, 130 marks in total across the archive. If you drill these papers verbatim, this is the time you would waste. This counts both content formally cut in 2023 (R-codes) and, for Combined Science, content that only ever existed in the Pure syllabus (24 sub-parts).
| Year | Dead marks | Live marks | Proportion wasted |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 0 | 65 | 0.0% |
| 2025 | 0 | 85 | 0.0% |
| 2024 | 2 | 83 | 2.4% |
| 2023 | 10 | 75 | 11.8% |
| 2022 | 6 | 79 | 7.1% |
| 2021 | 8 | 77 | 9.4% |
| 2020 | 11 | 74 | 12.9% |
| 2019 | 10.3333 | 74.6667 | 12.2% |
| 2018 | 4.66667 | 80.3333 | 5.5% |
| 2017 | 7 | 78 | 8.2% |
| 2016 | 8.33333 | 76.6667 | 9.8% |
| 2015 | 6.33333 | 78.6667 | 7.5% |
| 2014 | 11 | 74 | 12.9% |
| 2013 | 9 | 76 | 10.6% |
| 2012 | 7.66667 | 77.3333 | 9.0% |
| 2011 | 6 | 79 | 7.1% |
| 2010 | 6 | 79 | 7.1% |
| Topic | P1 | P3 | Balance | Dominant question styles |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11. Organic Chemistry | 56 | 185.833 | 23% P1 | apply ×78 recall ×76 extended-explanation ×7 |
| 4. Chemical Calculations | 33 | 181.5 | 15% P1 | calculation ×86 apply ×51 recall ×5 |
| 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | 57 | 154.833 | 27% P1 | apply ×64 recall ×48 data-interpretation ×28 |
| 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure | 26 | 137.5 | 16% P1 | apply ×60 recall ×29 extended-explanation ×15 |
| 5. Acid-Base Chemistry | 28 | 88.5 | 24% P1 | recall ×32 apply ×31 experimental-design ×8 |
| 6. Qualitative Analysis | 14 | 96.3333 | 13% P1 | data-interpretation ×21 apply ×11 recall ×10 |
| 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | 21 | 77.1667 | 21% P1 | apply ×42 recall ×10 data-interpretation ×7 |
| 10. Rate of Reactions | 17 | 67 | 20% P1 | data-interpretation ×21 apply ×15 extended-explanation ×10 |
| 1. Experimental Chemistry | 17 | 55.3333 | 24% P1 | apply ×19 experimental-design ×12 recall ×11 |
| 12. Maintaining Air Quality | 19 | 30.6667 | 38% P1 | recall ×27 apply ×6 data-interpretation ×3 |
| 7. Redox Chemistry | 16 | 19.6667 | 45% P1 | apply ×17 recall ×7 extended-explanation ×5 |
| 9. Chemical Energetics | 16 | 10.6667 | 60% P1 | recall ×11 apply ×9 data-interpretation ×7 |
23% of live marks
296.5 marks across the archive
51% of live marks
674 marks across the archive
26% of live marks
341.167 marks across the archive
The multiple-choice paper leans on recall and recognition; the structured paper is where data-handling and problem-solving marks live.
| Level of thinking | P1 marks | % of P1 | P3 marks | % of P3 | Total | Share of all marks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recall | 65 | 23% | 231.5 | 23% | 296.5 | 23% |
| Knowledge & understanding | 150 | 52% | 524 | 51% | 674 | 51% |
| Handling information | 71 | 25% | 270.167 | 26% | 341.167 | 26% |
| All questions | 286 | 100% | 1025.67 | 100% | 1311.67 |
How the balance of thinking has shifted over time — the bar shows each year's mix as a proportion, so you can see trends even though papers differ slightly in size. Marks are live content only, both papers combined.
| Year | Recall | Know & und. | Handling | Total | Mix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 19.5 | 30 | 15.5 | 65 | |
| 2025 | 25.5 | 39.5 | 20 | 85 | |
| 2024 | 22.5 | 42.5 | 18 | 83 | |
| 2023 | 18 | 40.6667 | 16.3333 | 75 | |
| 2022 | 21 | 33.6667 | 24.3333 | 79 | |
| 2021 | 20.6667 | 35.3333 | 21 | 77 | |
| 2020 | 17.6667 | 35 | 21.3333 | 74 | |
| 2019 | 17.3333 | 44.6667 | 12.6667 | 74.6667 | |
| 2018 | 12 | 50.6667 | 17.6667 | 80.3333 | |
| 2017 | 23.6667 | 35 | 19.3333 | 78 | |
| 2016 | 19.3333 | 36.3333 | 21 | 76.6667 | |
| 2015 | 9 | 44.6667 | 25 | 78.6667 | |
| 2014 | 16.6667 | 38.6667 | 18.6667 | 74 | |
| 2013 | 11.3333 | 37 | 27.6667 | 76 | |
| 2012 | 16.6667 | 39 | 21.6667 | 77.3333 | |
| 2011 | 20.6667 | 40.3333 | 18 | 79 | |
| 2010 | 5 | 51 | 23 | 79 |
Colours: Recall Knowledge & understanding Handling information
Which chapters are recall-heavy versus which demand data-handling and problem-solving. Hover a bar for the marks in each level.
| Topic | Recall | Know & und. | Handling | Mix |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11. Organic Chemistry | 85.8333 | 126 | 14 | |
| 4. Chemical Calculations | 6.66667 | 89 | 108.833 | |
| 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | 32.5 | 95.6667 | 43.6667 | |
| 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure | 39.8333 | 113 | 6 | |
| 6. Qualitative Analysis | 15.3333 | 15 | 80 | |
| 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | 16.3333 | 74.8333 | 7 | |
| 5. Acid-Base Chemistry | 36.1667 | 45 | 3 | |
| 10. Rate of Reactions | 2.66667 | 45.6667 | 32.3333 | |
| 1. Experimental Chemistry | 10.6667 | 22.3333 | 33.3333 | |
| 12. Maintaining Air Quality | 34 | 11.6667 | 4 | |
| 7. Redox Chemistry | 6.5 | 27.1667 | 1 | |
| 9. Chemical Energetics | 10 | 8.66667 | 8 |
Colours: Recall Knowledge & understanding Handling information
| # | Topic | 2026 forecast (questions) | Recent range | Last 8 sittings ’18’19’20’21’22’23’24’25 | Trend | Reliability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8. Patterns in the Periodic TableChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 3.1 | 1–4 | 13243433 | ▲ | steady |
| 2 | 11. Organic ChemistryChemistry in a Sustainable World (Topics 11-12) | 3.0 | 2–4 | 43224232 | ▬ | steady |
| 3 | 4. Chemical CalculationsChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 2.3 | 2–3 | 22322222 | ▬ | steady |
| 4 | 3. Chemical Bonding and StructureMatter - Structures and Properties (Topics 1-3) | 1.7 | 1–2 | 11112122 | ▲ | moderate |
| 5 | 2. The Particulate Nature of MatterMatter - Structures and Properties (Topics 1-3) | 1.5 | 0–2 | 1112·212 | ▬ | moderate |
| 6 | 5. Acid-Base ChemistryChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 1.4 | 1–2 | 21211112 | ▬ | moderate |
| 7 | 12. Maintaining Air QualityChemistry in a Sustainable World (Topics 11-12) | 1.3 | 1–2 | 21111111 | ▬ | steady |
| 8 | 1. Experimental ChemistryMatter - Structures and Properties (Topics 1-3) | 1.2 | 1–2 | 11212111 | ▬ | steady |
| 9 | 10. Rate of ReactionsChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 1.2 | 1–2 | 12112111 | ▬ | steady |
| 10 | 6. Qualitative AnalysisChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 1.1 | 0–2 | 1111·112 | ▬ | moderate |
| 11 | 9. Chemical EnergeticsChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 1.1 | 1–1 | 11111111 | ▬ | steady |
| 12 | 7. Redox ChemistryChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 1.1 | 1–1 | 11111111 | ▬ | steady |
Reliability: steady appeared in every recent sitting with a small spread; volatile swings a lot or skips years — treat its forecast as a guess. Trend ▲/▼ means a clear drift over the recent sittings (hover for the rate); ▬ means no clear direction.
Learning outcomes ranked by how often (and how recently) they have been asked in Paper 1. These are the outcomes most likely to appear again.
| LO | Topic | Learning outcome | Last 5 / all | Last seen | A recent example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10(a) | 10. Rate of Reactions | effect of concentration, pressure, particle size, temperature on rate; collision theory explanation | 5 / 16 | 2025 | 2025 Q17 — H2O2 decomposition graph: which change gives a faster rate AND a larger final volume of oxygen |
| 4.2(f) | 4. Chemical Calculations | stoichiometric reacting masses and gas volumes (24 dm3 at rtp); limiting reactants | 5 / 16 | 2025 | 2025 Q7 — total gas volume after burning 20 cm3 ethene in 70 cm3 oxygen (excess O2 + CO2, water liquid) |
| 9(a) | 9. Chemical Energetics | describe exothermic and endothermic processes with temperature changes | 5 / 16 | 2025 | 2025 Q16 — matching endothermic/exothermic with temperature change and example (NaOH + HCl vs dissolving ammonium nitrate) |
| 6(c) | 6. Qualitative Analysis | gas tests: ammonia, CO2, chlorine, H2, O2, SO2 | 2 / 12 | 2025 | 2025 Q11 — test for chlorine gas (bleaches damp litmus paper) |
| 8.4(a) | 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | reactivity series order (Ca,Cu,H,Fe,Pb,Mg,K,Ag,Na,Zn) by reactions with water/steam/dilute HCl | 5 / 15 | 2025 | 2025 Q15 — identifying metal R from reactions with cold water, steam and dilute HCl (magnesium) |
| 7.1(b) | 7. Redox Chemistry | define redox in terms of electron transfer and changes in oxidation state | 5 / 15 | 2025 | 2025 Q12 — SO2 reacting with acidified potassium manganate(VII): role of SO2 and oxidation state change of sulfur |
| 8.4(c) | 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | deduce order of reactivity from experimental results | 5 / 12 | 2025 | 2025 Q15 — identifying metal R from reactions with cold water, steam and dilute HCl (magnesium) |
| 6(a) | 6. Qualitative Analysis | NaOH(aq)/ammonia(aq) tests for cations: Al3+, NH4+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+ | 4 / 12 | 2025 | 2025 Q10 — identifying salt Y from red-brown precipitate with NaOH(aq) and ammonia from NaOH + aluminium (iron(III) nitrate) |
| 2.2(f) | 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | deduce numbers of protons, neutrons, electrons in atoms and ions | 3 / 14 | 2025 | 2025 Q3 — neutrons and electrons in the sulfide ion 34/16 S2- |
| 1.1(b) | 1. Experimental Chemistry | suggest suitable apparatus for simple experiments incl. collection of gases, rates | 4 / 10 | 2025 | 2025 Q1 — correct apparatus set-up for paper chromatography of a coloured dye (dye spot above solvent level) |
| 7.1(d) | 7. Redox Chemistry | KI(aq) and acidified KMnO4 as tests for oxidising/reducing agents via colour changes | 4 / 10 | 2025 | 2025 Q12 — SO2 reacting with acidified potassium manganate(VII): role of SO2 and oxidation state change of sulfur |
| 6(b) | 6. Qualitative Analysis | anion tests: carbonate, chloride, nitrate, sulfate | 4 / 11 | 2025 | 2025 Q10 — identifying salt Y from red-brown precipitate with NaOH(aq) and ammonia from NaOH + aluminium (iron(III) nitrate) |
| 5.1(h) | 5. Acid-Base Chemistry | classify oxides as acidic, basic, amphoteric, neutral | 4 / 10 | 2025 | 2025 Q13 — comparing a non-metal X and metal Y in the same period: bonding, outer electrons, oxide character, proton number |
| 4.2(g) | 4. Chemical Calculations | solution concentration (mol/dm3, g/dm3); volumetric/titration calculations | 4 / 12 | 2024 | 2024 Q7 — limiting reactant for 0.01 mol zinc with 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 copper(II) sulfate |
| 11.4(d) | 11. Organic Chemistry | deduce structure of (addition) polymer from monomer and vice versa | 3 / 9 | 2025 | 2025 Q19 — deducing the addition polymer repeat unit from a substituted alkene monomer |
| 12(b) | 12. Maintaining Air Quality | common atmospheric pollutants: CO, methane, NO/NO2, ozone, SO2, unburned hydrocarbons | 3 / 10 | 2025 | 2025 Q20 — statements about acid rain: erosion of buildings, soil pH, formation from CO vs NO2 |
Outcomes asked at least three times in this paper but absent from the last four of its 16 sittings. Examiners rotate their coverage, so these are worth a revisit — but a long gap is a prompt to revise, not a promise it is due.
| LO | Topic | Learning outcome | Asked | Last seen |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2(e) | 1. Experimental Chemistry | deduce identity/purity of substances from melting point and boiling point data | 4× | 2017 (8 sittings ago) |
| 8.1(g) | 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | predict properties of Group 1 and Group 17 elements using the Periodic Table | 6× | 2021 (4 sittings ago) |
| 3.2(a) | 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure | formation of covalent bond by sharing electron pair; noble gas configuration | 6× | 2021 (4 sittings ago) |
| 4.1(b) | 4. Chemical Calculations | deduce formulae of simple compounds from relative numbers of atoms and vice versa | 4× | 2020 (5 sittings ago) |
| 2.2(b) | 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | describe atomic structure: nucleons in nucleus, electrons in shells | 4× | 2021 (4 sittings ago) |
| 2.2(e) | 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | define isotopes | 3× | 2020 (5 sittings ago) |
| 11.4(a) | 11. Organic Chemistry | polymers as large molecules built from monomers | 3× | 2020 (5 sittings ago) |
| 11.2(f) | 11. Organic Chemistry | alkenes: unsaturated hydrocarbons CnH2n | 3× | 2021 (4 sittings ago) |
| # | Topic | 2027 forecast (marks) | Recent range | Last 8 sittings ’19’20’21’22’23’24’25’26 | Trend | Reliability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11. Organic ChemistryChemistry in a Sustainable World (Topics 11-12) | 12.0 | 9–18.7 | 1018.711.3910.312.51411 | ▬ | steady |
| 2 | 4. Chemical CalculationsChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 9.7 | 6–12.7 | 7.312.79108.3769.5 | ▬ | steady |
| 3 | 3. Chemical Bonding and StructureMatter - Structures and Properties (Topics 1-3) | 8.2 | 3.7–9 | 7.3863.78798.5 | ▬ | steady |
| 4 | 8. Patterns in the Periodic TableChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 7.3 | 2.7–10.7 | 46.3410.72.7677.5 | ▬ | moderate |
| 5 | 6. Qualitative AnalysisChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 6.7 | 2.3–8 | 2.36568787 | ▲ | steady |
| 6 | 2. The Particulate Nature of MatterMatter - Structures and Properties (Topics 1-3) | 5.2 | 1.3–12 | 121.384532.59 | ▬ | moderate |
| 7 | 5. Acid-Base ChemistryChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 4.6 | 0–8 | 2.3·753834.5 | ▬ | moderate |
| 8 | 10. Rate of ReactionsChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 3.6 | 0–8 | 8·3.34.73423 | ▬ | moderate |
| 9 | 1. Experimental ChemistryMatter - Structures and Properties (Topics 1-3) | 2.9 | 0–6 | 3.3·3.310.7613 | ▬ | volatile |
| 10 | 12. Maintaining Air QualityChemistry in a Sustainable World (Topics 11-12) | 2.8 | 0–8 | ··235381 | ▲ | volatile |
| 11 | 9. Chemical EnergeticsChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 1.1 | 0–4 | ·1·0.710.540.5 | ▬ | volatile |
| 12 | 7. Redox ChemistryChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 1.0 | 0–2.3 | ·2·2.3210.50.5 | ▬ | volatile |
Reliability: steady appeared in every recent sitting with a small spread; volatile swings a lot or skips years — treat its forecast as a guess. Trend ▲/▼ means a clear drift over the recent sittings (hover for the rate); ▬ means no clear direction.
Learning outcomes ranked by how often (and how recently) they have been asked in Paper 3. These are the outcomes most likely to appear again.
| LO | Topic | Learning outcome | Last 5 / all | Last seen | A recent example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2(f) | 4. Chemical Calculations | stoichiometric reacting masses and gas volumes (24 dm3 at rtp); limiting reactants | 5 / 46 | 2026 | 2026 Q10(c)(iii) — calculate the volume of oxygen at rtp using 24 dm3 per mole |
| 4.1(e) | 4. Chemical Calculations | construct chemical equations with state symbols, including ionic equations | 5 / 46 | 2026 | 2026 Q8(b) — write a balanced equation with state symbols for any one reaction in the QA flow chart |
| 2.2(f) | 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | deduce numbers of protons, neutrons, electrons in atoms and ions | 5 / 28 | 2026 | 2026 Q4(c) — explain why the bromide ion Br- is negative using numbers of protons and electrons |
| 10(a) | 10. Rate of Reactions | effect of concentration, pressure, particle size, temperature on rate; collision theory explanation | 5 / 22 | 2026 | 2026 Q10(c)(iv) — describe and explain the effect of increasing H2O2 concentration on its rate of decomposition using collision theory |
| 4.2(b) | 4. Chemical Calculations | define relative molecular mass Mr; calculate Mr / relative formula mass | 4 / 26 | 2026 | 2026 Q3(a)(ii) — show by calculation that Mr of CuCO3 is 124 |
| 6(c) | 6. Qualitative Analysis | gas tests: ammonia, CO2, chlorine, H2, O2, SO2 | 5 / 19 | 2026 | 2026 Q8(a) — QA flow chart from an iron + carbon mixture: identify acid S, black solid T, green solution U, gases V and W, green ppt |
| 3.1(a) | 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure | formation of ions by electron loss/gain; noble gas configuration | 4 / 20 | 2026 | 2026 Q9(b)(i) — explain how a phosphorus atom forms the phosphide ion P3- (gains three electrons) |
| 11.2(i) | 11. Organic Chemistry | saturated vs unsaturated hydrocarbons: molecular structure and aqueous bromine test | 4 / 17 | 2025 | 2025 Q8(d) — describe colour change when propene reacts with aqueous bromine |
| 9(a) | 9. Chemical Energetics | describe exothermic and endothermic processes with temperature changes | 5 / 14 | 2026 | 2026 Q9(c)(ii) — state the meaning of exothermic for N2 + 3H2 -> 2NH3 |
| 8.2(b) | 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | Group 17 halogens: diatomic non-metals, trends in colour/state, displacement reactions | 3 / 21 | 2026 | 2026 Q4(d) — describe two trends in properties of Group 17 elements from chlorine to iodine |
| 8.4(a) | 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | reactivity series order (Ca,Cu,H,Fe,Pb,Mg,K,Ag,Na,Zn) by reactions with water/steam/dilute HCl | 5 / 22 | 2026 | 2026 Q2(c) — predict the products of metal E (between Mg and Fe, i.e. zinc) with steam: metal oxide + hydrogen |
| 6(b) | 6. Qualitative Analysis | anion tests: carbonate, chloride, nitrate, sulfate | 4 / 17 | 2026 | 2026 Q8(a) — QA flow chart from an iron + carbon mixture: identify acid S, black solid T, green solution U, gases V and W, green ppt |
| 11.2(a) | 11. Organic Chemistry | homologous series: general formula, similar chemical properties, gradation in physical properties | 4 / 16 | 2025 | 2025 Q8(c)(ii) — explain why butene is a hydrocarbon (contains only carbon and hydrogen) |
| 6(a) | 6. Qualitative Analysis | NaOH(aq)/ammonia(aq) tests for cations: Al3+, NH4+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+ | 5 / 18 | 2026 | 2026 Q8(a) — QA flow chart from an iron + carbon mixture: identify acid S, black solid T, green solution U, gases V and W, green ppt |
| 10(f) | 10. Rate of Reactions | interpret data from rate-of-reaction experiments | 2 / 24 | 2024 | 2024 Q9(c) — describe and explain how to identify when the nitrogen-producing reaction is complete |
| 8.1(b) | 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | position of element related to proton number and electronic configuration | 4 / 20 | 2026 | 2026 Q9(a) — explain why nitrogen and phosphorus (2.8.5) are in the same group (five outer electrons) |
Outcomes asked at least three times in this paper but absent from the last four of its 17 sittings. Examiners rotate their coverage, so these are worth a revisit — but a long gap is a prompt to revise, not a promise it is due.
| LO | Topic | Learning outcome | Asked | Last seen |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2(a) | 4. Chemical Calculations | define relative atomic mass Ar | 4× | 2017 (9 sittings ago) |
| 1.2(c) | 1. Experimental Chemistry | interpret paper chromatograms incl. comparison with known samples | 3× | 2018 (8 sittings ago) |
| 2.2(c) | 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | define proton (atomic) number and nucleon (mass) number | 6× | 2022 (4 sittings ago) |
| 8.1(a) | 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | Periodic Table as arrangement of elements in order of increasing proton number | 3× | 2019 (7 sittings ago) |
The forecast says where the marks have been, weighted towards recent papers and the 2023 syllabus. It cannot see the next paper; treat it as a way to decide where to spend revision time, not as a leak.
A topic can be a certainty in multiple choice and absent from long answers, or the reverse. That is why each paper is forecast on its own rather than blended.
Only a handful of sittings exist under the 2023 syllabus, so the boost for those papers matters but cannot be proven. Re-run this report when more 2023-syllabus papers are available.
| # | Topic | 2026 forecast (questions) | Recent range | Last 8 sittings ’18’19’20’21’22’23’24’25 | Trend | Reliability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8. Patterns in the Periodic TableChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 3.1 | 1–4 | 13243433 | ▲ | steady |
| 2 | 11. Organic ChemistryChemistry in a Sustainable World (Topics 11-12) | 3.0 | 2–4 | 43224232 | ▬ | steady |
| 3 | 4. Chemical CalculationsChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 2.3 | 2–3 | 22322222 | ▬ | steady |
| 4 | 3. Chemical Bonding and StructureMatter - Structures and Properties (Topics 1-3) | 1.7 | 1–2 | 11112122 | ▲ | moderate |
| 5 | 2. The Particulate Nature of MatterMatter - Structures and Properties (Topics 1-3) | 1.5 | 0–2 | 1112·212 | ▬ | moderate |
| 6 | 5. Acid-Base ChemistryChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 1.4 | 1–2 | 21211112 | ▬ | moderate |
| 7 | 12. Maintaining Air QualityChemistry in a Sustainable World (Topics 11-12) | 1.3 | 1–2 | 21111111 | ▬ | steady |
| 8 | 1. Experimental ChemistryMatter - Structures and Properties (Topics 1-3) | 1.2 | 1–2 | 11212111 | ▬ | steady |
| 9 | 10. Rate of ReactionsChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 1.2 | 1–2 | 12112111 | ▬ | steady |
| 10 | 6. Qualitative AnalysisChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 1.1 | 0–2 | 1111·112 | ▬ | moderate |
| 11 | 9. Chemical EnergeticsChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 1.1 | 1–1 | 11111111 | ▬ | steady |
| 12 | 7. Redox ChemistryChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 1.1 | 1–1 | 11111111 | ▬ | steady |
Reliability: steady appeared in every recent sitting with a small spread; volatile swings a lot or skips years — treat its forecast as a guess. Trend ▲/▼ means a clear drift over the recent sittings (hover for the rate); ▬ means no clear direction.
Learning outcomes ranked by how often (and how recently) they have been asked in Paper 1. These are the outcomes most likely to appear again.
| LO | Topic | Learning outcome | Last 5 / all | Last seen | A recent example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10(a) | 10. Rate of Reactions | effect of concentration, pressure, particle size, temperature on rate; collision theory explanation | 5 / 16 | 2025 | 2025 Q17 — H2O2 decomposition graph: which change gives a faster rate AND a larger final volume of oxygen |
| 4.2(f) | 4. Chemical Calculations | stoichiometric reacting masses and gas volumes (24 dm3 at rtp); limiting reactants | 5 / 16 | 2025 | 2025 Q7 — total gas volume after burning 20 cm3 ethene in 70 cm3 oxygen (excess O2 + CO2, water liquid) |
| 9(a) | 9. Chemical Energetics | describe exothermic and endothermic processes with temperature changes | 5 / 16 | 2025 | 2025 Q16 — matching endothermic/exothermic with temperature change and example (NaOH + HCl vs dissolving ammonium nitrate) |
| 6(c) | 6. Qualitative Analysis | gas tests: ammonia, CO2, chlorine, H2, O2, SO2 | 2 / 12 | 2025 | 2025 Q11 — test for chlorine gas (bleaches damp litmus paper) |
| 8.4(a) | 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | reactivity series order (Ca,Cu,H,Fe,Pb,Mg,K,Ag,Na,Zn) by reactions with water/steam/dilute HCl | 5 / 15 | 2025 | 2025 Q15 — identifying metal R from reactions with cold water, steam and dilute HCl (magnesium) |
| 7.1(b) | 7. Redox Chemistry | define redox in terms of electron transfer and changes in oxidation state | 5 / 15 | 2025 | 2025 Q12 — SO2 reacting with acidified potassium manganate(VII): role of SO2 and oxidation state change of sulfur |
| 8.4(c) | 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | deduce order of reactivity from experimental results | 5 / 12 | 2025 | 2025 Q15 — identifying metal R from reactions with cold water, steam and dilute HCl (magnesium) |
| 6(a) | 6. Qualitative Analysis | NaOH(aq)/ammonia(aq) tests for cations: Al3+, NH4+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+ | 4 / 12 | 2025 | 2025 Q10 — identifying salt Y from red-brown precipitate with NaOH(aq) and ammonia from NaOH + aluminium (iron(III) nitrate) |
| 2.2(f) | 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | deduce numbers of protons, neutrons, electrons in atoms and ions | 3 / 14 | 2025 | 2025 Q3 — neutrons and electrons in the sulfide ion 34/16 S2- |
| 1.1(b) | 1. Experimental Chemistry | suggest suitable apparatus for simple experiments incl. collection of gases, rates | 4 / 10 | 2025 | 2025 Q1 — correct apparatus set-up for paper chromatography of a coloured dye (dye spot above solvent level) |
| 7.1(d) | 7. Redox Chemistry | KI(aq) and acidified KMnO4 as tests for oxidising/reducing agents via colour changes | 4 / 10 | 2025 | 2025 Q12 — SO2 reacting with acidified potassium manganate(VII): role of SO2 and oxidation state change of sulfur |
| 6(b) | 6. Qualitative Analysis | anion tests: carbonate, chloride, nitrate, sulfate | 4 / 11 | 2025 | 2025 Q10 — identifying salt Y from red-brown precipitate with NaOH(aq) and ammonia from NaOH + aluminium (iron(III) nitrate) |
| 5.1(h) | 5. Acid-Base Chemistry | classify oxides as acidic, basic, amphoteric, neutral | 4 / 10 | 2025 | 2025 Q13 — comparing a non-metal X and metal Y in the same period: bonding, outer electrons, oxide character, proton number |
| 4.2(g) | 4. Chemical Calculations | solution concentration (mol/dm3, g/dm3); volumetric/titration calculations | 4 / 12 | 2024 | 2024 Q7 — limiting reactant for 0.01 mol zinc with 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 copper(II) sulfate |
| 11.4(d) | 11. Organic Chemistry | deduce structure of (addition) polymer from monomer and vice versa | 3 / 9 | 2025 | 2025 Q19 — deducing the addition polymer repeat unit from a substituted alkene monomer |
| 12(b) | 12. Maintaining Air Quality | common atmospheric pollutants: CO, methane, NO/NO2, ozone, SO2, unburned hydrocarbons | 3 / 10 | 2025 | 2025 Q20 — statements about acid rain: erosion of buildings, soil pH, formation from CO vs NO2 |
Outcomes asked at least three times in this paper but absent from the last four of its 16 sittings. Examiners rotate their coverage, so these are worth a revisit — but a long gap is a prompt to revise, not a promise it is due.
| LO | Topic | Learning outcome | Asked | Last seen |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2(e) | 1. Experimental Chemistry | deduce identity/purity of substances from melting point and boiling point data | 4× | 2017 (8 sittings ago) |
| 8.1(g) | 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | predict properties of Group 1 and Group 17 elements using the Periodic Table | 6× | 2021 (4 sittings ago) |
| 3.2(a) | 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure | formation of covalent bond by sharing electron pair; noble gas configuration | 6× | 2021 (4 sittings ago) |
| 4.1(b) | 4. Chemical Calculations | deduce formulae of simple compounds from relative numbers of atoms and vice versa | 4× | 2020 (5 sittings ago) |
| 2.2(b) | 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | describe atomic structure: nucleons in nucleus, electrons in shells | 4× | 2021 (4 sittings ago) |
| 2.2(e) | 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | define isotopes | 3× | 2020 (5 sittings ago) |
| 11.4(a) | 11. Organic Chemistry | polymers as large molecules built from monomers | 3× | 2020 (5 sittings ago) |
| 11.2(f) | 11. Organic Chemistry | alkenes: unsaturated hydrocarbons CnH2n | 3× | 2021 (4 sittings ago) |
| # | Topic | 2026 forecast (marks) | Recent range | Last 8 sittings ’18’19’20’21’22’23’24’25 | Trend | Reliability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11. Organic ChemistryChemistry in a Sustainable World (Topics 11-12) | 12.2 | 9–18.7 | 111018.711.3910.312.514 | ▬ | steady |
| 2 | 4. Chemical CalculationsChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 9.7 | 6–12.7 | 10.77.312.79108.376 | ▼ | steady |
| 3 | 3. Chemical Bonding and StructureMatter - Structures and Properties (Topics 1-3) | 8.1 | 3.7–9 | 8.77.3863.7879 | ▬ | steady |
| 4 | 8. Patterns in the Periodic TableChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 7.2 | 2.3–10.7 | 2.346.3410.72.767 | ▬ | moderate |
| 5 | 6. Qualitative AnalysisChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 6.7 | 2.3–8 | 52.3656878 | ▲ | steady |
| 6 | 5. Acid-Base ChemistryChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 4.6 | 0–10 | 102.3·75383 | ▬ | moderate |
| 7 | 2. The Particulate Nature of MatterMatter - Structures and Properties (Topics 1-3) | 4.4 | 1.3–12 | 4121.384532.5 | ▼ | moderate |
| 8 | 10. Rate of ReactionsChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 3.7 | 0–8 | 6.78·3.34.7342 | ▼ | moderate |
| 9 | 12. Maintaining Air QualityChemistry in a Sustainable World (Topics 11-12) | 3.2 | 0–8 | ···23538 | ▲ | volatile |
| 10 | 1. Experimental ChemistryMatter - Structures and Properties (Topics 1-3) | 2.9 | 0–6 | 43.3·3.310.761 | ▬ | volatile |
| 11 | 9. Chemical EnergeticsChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 1.2 | 0–4 | ··1·0.710.54 | ▬ | volatile |
| 12 | 7. Redox ChemistryChemical Reactions (Topics 4-10) | 1.1 | 0–2.3 | ··2·2.3210.5 | ▬ | volatile |
Reliability: steady appeared in every recent sitting with a small spread; volatile swings a lot or skips years — treat its forecast as a guess. Trend ▲/▼ means a clear drift over the recent sittings (hover for the rate); ▬ means no clear direction.
Learning outcomes ranked by how often (and how recently) they have been asked in Paper 3. These are the outcomes most likely to appear again.
| LO | Topic | Learning outcome | Last 5 / all | Last seen | A recent example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2(f) | 4. Chemical Calculations | stoichiometric reacting masses and gas volumes (24 dm3 at rtp); limiting reactants | 5 / 42 | 2025 | 2025 Q10(a)(iii) — calculate moles of NaOH formed using stoichiometry of 2Na + 2H2O -> 2NaOH + H2 |
| 4.1(e) | 4. Chemical Calculations | construct chemical equations with state symbols, including ionic equations | 5 / 45 | 2025 | 2025 Q5(b) — write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols for one reaction in the QA scheme |
| 11.2(i) | 11. Organic Chemistry | saturated vs unsaturated hydrocarbons: molecular structure and aqueous bromine test | 5 / 17 | 2025 | 2025 Q8(d) — describe colour change when propene reacts with aqueous bromine |
| 2.2(f) | 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | deduce numbers of protons, neutrons, electrons in atoms and ions | 5 / 26 | 2025 | 2025 Q11(c) — complete table of electrons, neutrons and protons in iodine-127 and iodine-129 isotopes |
| 6(c) | 6. Qualitative Analysis | gas tests: ammonia, CO2, chlorine, H2, O2, SO2 | 5 / 18 | 2025 | 2025 Q5(a) — QA flow scheme: identify green solid R, acid S, liquid T, blue solution U, gas V, blue ppt W, white ppt X from NaOH/AgNO |
| 10(a) | 10. Rate of Reactions | effect of concentration, pressure, particle size, temperature on rate; collision theory explanation | 5 / 20 | 2025 | 2025 Q9(c) — explain why surface area of metal is kept constant in the reactivity investigation (fair test) |
| 9(a) | 9. Chemical Energetics | describe exothermic and endothermic processes with temperature changes | 5 / 13 | 2025 | 2025 Q6(c)(iv) — predict temperature change for 0.70 g magnesium in excess dilute HCl by extrapolation |
| 8.2(b) | 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | Group 17 halogens: diatomic non-metals, trends in colour/state, displacement reactions | 2 / 20 | 2025 | 2025 Q11(d)(ii) — describe solution colour change during chlorine displacement of iodine from KI(aq) |
| 11.2(a) | 11. Organic Chemistry | homologous series: general formula, similar chemical properties, gradation in physical properties | 5 / 16 | 2025 | 2025 Q8(c)(ii) — explain why butene is a hydrocarbon (contains only carbon and hydrogen) |
| 10(f) | 10. Rate of Reactions | interpret data from rate-of-reaction experiments | 3 / 24 | 2024 | 2024 Q9(c) — describe and explain how to identify when the nitrogen-producing reaction is complete |
| 4.2(b) | 4. Chemical Calculations | define relative molecular mass Mr; calculate Mr / relative formula mass | 4 / 24 | 2024 | 2024 Q9(d)(i) — calculate amount in moles of sulfamic acid H3NSO3 in 0.97 g |
| 3.1(a) | 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure | formation of ions by electron loss/gain; noble gas configuration | 4 / 18 | 2025 | 2025 Q10(c) — draw dot-and-cross diagram of lithium oxide ions including charges |
| 1.2(a) | 1. Experimental Chemistry | describe separation/purification methods: solvent+filtration+crystallisation/evaporation, distillation, fractional distillation, paper chromatography | 4 / 19 | 2024 | 2024 Q2 — state separation method for each component of coloured inks, crude oil, salt and water, sand and water |
| 6(b) | 6. Qualitative Analysis | anion tests: carbonate, chloride, nitrate, sulfate | 4 / 16 | 2025 | 2025 Q5(a) — QA flow scheme: identify green solid R, acid S, liquid T, blue solution U, gas V, blue ppt W, white ppt X from NaOH/AgNO |
| 6(a) | 6. Qualitative Analysis | NaOH(aq)/ammonia(aq) tests for cations: Al3+, NH4+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+ | 5 / 17 | 2025 | 2025 Q5(a) — QA flow scheme: identify green solid R, acid S, liquid T, blue solution U, gas V, blue ppt W, white ppt X from NaOH/AgNO |
| 8.4(a) | 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | reactivity series order (Ca,Cu,H,Fe,Pb,Mg,K,Ag,Na,Zn) by reactions with water/steam/dilute HCl | 4 / 20 | 2025 | 2025 Q9(b) — suggest name of metal C which reacts with neither cold water nor dilute HCl |
Outcomes asked at least three times in this paper but absent from the last four of its 16 sittings. Examiners rotate their coverage, so these are worth a revisit — but a long gap is a prompt to revise, not a promise it is due.
| LO | Topic | Learning outcome | Asked | Last seen |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8.1(d) | 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | similarities between elements in same group in terms of electronic configuration | 8× | 2019 (6 sittings ago) |
| 4.2(a) | 4. Chemical Calculations | define relative atomic mass Ar | 4× | 2017 (8 sittings ago) |
| 8.4(e) | 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | ease of obtaining metals from ores related to position in reactivity series | 3× | 2017 (8 sittings ago) |
| 1.2(c) | 1. Experimental Chemistry | interpret paper chromatograms incl. comparison with known samples | 3× | 2018 (7 sittings ago) |
| 4.1(b) | 4. Chemical Calculations | deduce formulae of simple compounds from relative numbers of atoms and vice versa | 4× | 2020 (5 sittings ago) |
| 8.1(a) | 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | Periodic Table as arrangement of elements in order of increasing proton number | 3× | 2019 (6 sittings ago) |
| 1.2(e) | 1. Experimental Chemistry | deduce identity/purity of substances from melting point and boiling point data | 4× | 2021 (4 sittings ago) |
| 2.2(a) | 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | state relative charges and approximate relative masses of proton, neutron, electron | 3× | 2021 (4 sittings ago) |
The forecast says where the marks have been, weighted towards recent papers and the 2023 syllabus. It cannot see the next paper; treat it as a way to decide where to spend revision time, not as a leak.
A topic can be a certainty in multiple choice and absent from long answers, or the reverse. That is why each paper is forecast on its own rather than blended.
Only a handful of sittings exist under the 2023 syllabus, so the boost for those papers matters but cannot be proven. Re-run this report when more 2023-syllabus papers are available.
The 2026 paper keeps the 2024-2025 format exactly: eight compulsory Section A questions worth 55 marks, ending with the 10-mark qualitative-analysis flow chart, then a choice of one of two 10-mark Section B questions. It felt like a familiar, fair paper. Almost every Section A question is built on a context candidates will have drilled: a choose-from-the-list starter, a reactivity series with an unknown metal, an Mr and moles question on copper(II) carbonate, the bromine-79 isotope, alkenes and addition polymers, kinetic particle theory, alloys, and a QA flow chart. As sat, about 19-20 of the 65 marks are straight recall (definitions of relative formula mass, isotopes and exothermic; the alkene general formula; the conditions for rusting; properties of metals; the two plastic-recycling methods), about 30 are knowledge applied to a given situation, and about 15 involve data or calculations. That is almost the same split as 2024 (18.5 / 31.5 / 15) and 2025 (21.5 / 27.5 / 16).
The spread across the syllabus is less even than usual. Section A leans on Organic Chemistry (11 marks), the Particulate Nature of Matter (9 marks: isotopes, the charge on Br-, ice versus water vapour; only about 3 marks in each of 2024 and 2025), Chemical Calculations (8), Qualitative Analysis (7) and the Reactivity Series and Group 17 (7). Maintaining Air Quality, worth 8 marks in 2025, shrinks to a single mark (CO2 in photosynthesis). Redox, Energetics and Rates do not appear in Section A at all. They turn up only in Section B: the acidified potassium manganate(VII) test (1 mark, Q10), the definition of exothermic (1 mark, Q9) and a 3-mark collision-theory explanation in both options. So a candidate who chose Q10 met no energetics, and one who chose Q9 met no redox.
The calculations were light and scaffolded step by step. The Mr of CuCO3 is given before candidates are asked to show it. The CuCO3 to CuO mass calculation and the hydrogen peroxide chain in Q10 (moles from concentration, the 2:1 ratio, volume at rtp) are each split into 1-mark steps with the equation printed. The main data task is Table 6.1, where sodium chloride is added to ice. The pattern is linear (the melting point falls by 1.5 C and the boiling point rises by 2 C per gram), and the twist is extrapolating both columns to 6.0 g and taking a difference across zero. The QA flow chart in 8(a) (7 marks) is the biggest single block and the most discriminating part. Solid R is a mixture of two elements (iron and carbon), so candidates must read the whole chart: the black solid T that burns to CO2 is carbon, and the acid must be sulfuric because the solution gives a white precipitate with acidified barium nitrate.
A well-prepared candidate would find Q1, Q2, Q4(a)-(b), most of Q5, Q7(b)-(c) and the Q10 calculations straightforward, and should reach 50 or more. The marks that separate the top grades are in 5(d) (drawing poly(but-2-ene), whose monomer has a methyl group on both double-bond carbons), the 3-mark comparison in 6(a), the two reasons from the brass diagram in 7(a), the identities of T, S and U in the flow chart, and the 3-mark rate explanations in Section B, which need the frequency of effective collisions and, for temperature, the energy argument.
About the same as 2024-2025, arguably a touch easier: the recall / application / data split is almost identical, many contexts are reused (bromine-79 from 2024, copper(II) carbonate from 2025, the Universal Indicator pH method and plastic recycling from 2024), calculations are 1-mark steps with the equations printed, and the only genuinely new demands are poly(but-2-ene) and the iron-carbon flow chart.
Q9 (nitrogen and phosphorus) tests group membership from the electronic configuration, how the P3- ion forms and the properties of an ionic solid, an ammonia dot-and-cross diagram 'including all the electrons', the meaning of exothermic, and a 3-mark explanation of how temperature affects rate. Q10 (hydrogen peroxide) tests the acidified potassium manganate(VII) colour change, H+ and the Universal Indicator method for pH, a three-step mole chain (moles from concentration, the 2:1 ratio, volume at rtp) and a 3-mark explanation of how concentration affects rate. Q10 was the kinder choice for most candidates. Six of its marks are routine recall or scaffolded one-line calculations, and the concentration explanation (more particles per unit volume, so more frequent collisions) is easier to complete than Q9's temperature explanation, which needs the kinetic-energy / activation-energy argument. Q9 suits a candidate who is weak at mole calculations but strong on bonding, though the ammonia diagram (nitrogen's inner shell must be drawn) is an easy mark to drop.
One choose-from-a-list starter, one reactivity-series figure, two tables (Table 4.1 to complete, Table 6.1 of melting/boiling point data to read and extrapolate), one particle diagram (brass), one QA flow chart with a 3-mark equation, two structure drawings (ethane, poly(but-2-ene)) plus an ammonia dot-and-cross in Section B, short scaffolded mole calculations in Q3 and Q10, and 3-mark 'compare' or 'describe and explain' prose in 6(a) and both Section B rate questions; there are no graphs to plot, no apparatus diagram and no 'student says' item.
| Topic | 2026 paper | Prev 8 avg | Forecast | Δ vs forecast |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Experimental Chemistry | 3 | 2.4 | 2.9 | +0.1 |
| 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | 9 | 5.0 | 4.4 | +4.6 |
| 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure | 8.5 | 7.2 | 8.1 | +0.4 |
| 4. Chemical Calculations | 9.5 | 8.9 | 9.7 | -0.2 |
| 5. Acid-Base Chemistry | 4.5 | 4.8 | 4.6 | -0.1 |
| 6. Qualitative Analysis | 7 | 5.9 | 6.7 | +0.3 |
| 7. Redox Chemistry | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.1 | -0.6 |
| 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | 7.5 | 5.4 | 7.2 | +0.3 |
| 9. Chemical Energetics | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.2 | -0.7 |
| 10. Rate of Reactions | 3 | 4.0 | 3.7 | -0.7 |
| 11. Organic Chemistry | 11 | 12.1 | 12.2 | -1.2 |
| 12. Maintaining Air Quality | 1 | 2.6 | 3.2 | -2.2 |
| Total | 65 | 60.1 | 65.0 |
The previous-sittings average adds to less than 65 because older papers spent marks on content since cut from the syllabus; those marks are not counted.
Every learning outcome a marked part of the paper was tagged to, grouped by topic. The marks beside an outcome are the printed marks of the parts that test it (a part tagged to two outcomes counts for both); dashed question chips are Section B options, which not every candidate answered.
| Topic and verdict | Forecast | 2026 paper | Error |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Experimental ChemistryOn target. | 2.9 | 3 | +0.1 |
| 2. The Particulate Nature of MatterWell under-predicted by 4.6, but inside its recent range (1.3–12). | 4.4 | 9 | +4.6 |
| 3. Chemical Bonding and StructureOn target. | 8.1 | 8.5 | +0.4 |
| 4. Chemical CalculationsOn target. | 9.7 | 9.5 | -0.2 |
| 5. Acid-Base ChemistryOn target. | 4.6 | 4.5 | -0.1 |
| 6. Qualitative AnalysisOn target. | 6.7 | 7 | +0.3 |
| 7. Redox ChemistryOn target. | 1.1 | 0.5 | -0.6 |
| 8. Patterns in the Periodic TableOn target. | 7.2 | 7.5 | +0.3 |
| 9. Chemical EnergeticsOn target. | 1.2 | 0.5 | -0.7 |
| 10. Rate of ReactionsOn target. | 3.7 | 3 | -0.7 |
| 11. Organic ChemistryOn target. | 12.2 | 11 | -1.2 |
| 12. Maintaining Air QualityOver-predicted by 2.2, but inside its recent range (0–8). | 3.2 | 1 | -2.2 |
| Mean absolute error | 0.9 |
Error = paper minus forecast, in marks as sat. Over-predicted (forecast too high): Maintaining Air Quality. Under-predicted (forecast too low): The Particulate Nature of Matter. Within 1.5 marks counts as on target.
The 16 outcomes the forecast said Paper 3 keeps returning to. 12 were asked.
| LO | Learning outcome | In the 2026 paper |
|---|---|---|
| 4.2(f)comb 4.2(d) | stoichiometric reacting masses and gas volumes (24 dm3 at rtp); limiting reactants | asked Q3(b)(i) Q3(b)(ii) Q10(c)(ii) Q10(c)(iii) |
| 4.1(e) | construct chemical equations with state symbols, including ionic equations | asked Q8(b) |
| 11.2(i)comb 11.2(h) | saturated vs unsaturated hydrocarbons: molecular structure and aqueous bromine test | not asked |
| 2.2(f) | deduce numbers of protons, neutrons, electrons in atoms and ions | asked Q4(b) Q4(c) |
| 6(c) | gas tests: ammonia, CO2, chlorine, H2, O2, SO2 | asked Q8(a) |
| 10(a) | effect of concentration, pressure, particle size, temperature on rate; collision theory explanation | asked Q9(c)(iii) Q10(c)(iv) |
| 9(a) | describe exothermic and endothermic processes with temperature changes | asked Q9(c)(ii) |
| 8.2(b) | Group 17 halogens: diatomic non-metals, trends in colour/state, displacement reactions | asked Q4(d) |
| 11.2(a) | homologous series: general formula, similar chemical properties, gradation in physical properties | not asked |
| 10(f)comb 10(b) | interpret data from rate-of-reaction experiments | not asked |
| 4.2(b) | define relative molecular mass Mr; calculate Mr / relative formula mass | asked Q3(a)(i) Q3(a)(ii) |
| 3.1(a) | formation of ions by electron loss/gain; noble gas configuration | asked Q4(c) Q9(b)(i) |
| 1.2(a) | describe separation/purification methods: solvent+filtration+crystallisation/evaporation, distillation, fractional distillation, paper chromatography | not asked |
| 6(b) | anion tests: carbonate, chloride, nitrate, sulfate | asked Q8(a) |
| 6(a) | NaOH(aq)/ammonia(aq) tests for cations: Al3+, NH4+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+ | asked Q8(a) |
| 8.4(a)comb 8.3(a) | reactivity series order (Ca,Cu,H,Fe,Pb,Mg,K,Ag,Na,Zn) by reactions with water/steam/dilute HCl | asked Q2(a) Q2(c) |
Outcomes asked repeatedly in Paper 3 that had dropped out of the recent sittings. 5 of 8 came back.
| LO | Learning outcome | In the 2026 paper |
|---|---|---|
| 8.1(d)comb 8.1(c) | similarities between elements in same group in terms of electronic configurationBefore: 8× · last 2019 | came back Q9(a) |
| 4.2(a) | define relative atomic mass ArBefore: 4× · last 2017 | still quiet |
| 8.4(e)comb 8.3(c) | ease of obtaining metals from ores related to position in reactivity seriesBefore: 3× · last 2017 | came back Q2(b) |
| 1.2(c) | interpret paper chromatograms incl. comparison with known samplesBefore: 3× · last 2018 | still quiet |
| 4.1(b) | deduce formulae of simple compounds from relative numbers of atoms and vice versaBefore: 4× · last 2020 | came back Q1(a) |
| 8.1(a) | Periodic Table as arrangement of elements in order of increasing proton numberBefore: 3× · last 2019 | still quiet |
| 1.2(e)comb 1.2(d) | deduce identity/purity of substances from melting point and boiling point dataBefore: 4× · last 2021 | came back Q6(b)(i) Q6(b)(ii) |
| 2.2(a) | state relative charges and approximate relative masses of proton, neutron, electronBefore: 3× · last 2021 | came back Q4(c) |
Outcomes the 2026 Paper 3 tested that had not been in a Paper 3 for 5+ years, or ever. Their recency weight was low, so the forecast gave them little.
| LO | Learning outcome | Where in 2026 |
|---|---|---|
| 8.4(e)comb 8.3(c) | ease of obtaining metals from ores related to position in reactivity seriesBefore 2026: Paper 3 last 2017 (9 years before) | Q2(b) |
| 8.1(d)comb 8.1(c) | similarities between elements in same group in terms of electronic configurationBefore 2026: Paper 3 last 2019 (7 years before) | Q9(a) |
| 3.4(c)comb 3.3(d) | identify representations of metals and alloys from diagrams of structuresBefore 2026: Paper 3 last 2020 (6 years before) | Q7(a) |
| 4.1(b) | deduce formulae of simple compounds from relative numbers of atoms and vice versaBefore 2026: Paper 3 last 2020 (6 years before) | Q1(a) |
| 1.2(e)comb 1.2(d) | deduce identity/purity of substances from melting point and boiling point dataBefore 2026: Paper 3 last 2021 (5 years before) | Q6(b)(i) Q6(b)(ii) |
| 2.2(a) | state relative charges and approximate relative masses of proton, neutron, electronBefore 2026: Paper 3 last 2021 (5 years before) | Q4(c) |
The top 20 outcomes of the recency-weighted ranking for Paper 3 (every sitting before 2026); these 4 did not appear. on our list = on the published “keeps returning” list.
| Rank | LO | Learning outcome |
|---|---|---|
| 3 | 11.2(i)comb 11.2(h) | saturated vs unsaturated hydrocarbons: molecular structure and aqueous bromine testAsked 17× in Paper 3, last 2025 on our list |
| 9 | 11.2(a) | homologous series: general formula, similar chemical properties, gradation in physical propertiesAsked 16× in Paper 3, last 2025 on our list |
| 10 | 10(f)comb 10(b) | interpret data from rate-of-reaction experimentsAsked 24× in Paper 3, last 2024 on our list |
| 13 | 1.2(a) | describe separation/purification methods: solvent+filtration+crystallisation/evaporation, distillation, fractional distillation, paper chromatographyAsked 19× in Paper 3, last 2024 on our list |
| LO | Learning outcome | Last seen | P1 · P3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Experimental Chemistry — 5 of 6 not tested | |||
| 1.1(a) | name appropriate apparatus for measurement of time, temperature, mass, volume (burettes, pipettes, measuring cylinders, gas syringes) P1 regular | 2024 | 6 · 12 |
| 1.1(b) | suggest suitable apparatus for simple experiments incl. collection of gases, rates P1 regular | 2025 | 13 · 15 |
| 1.2(a) | describe separation/purification methods: solvent+filtration+crystallisation/evaporation, distillation, fractional distillation, paper chromatography P1 regular | 2025 | 6 · 19 |
| 1.2(b) | suggest suitable separation/purification methods for solid-solid, solid-liquid, liquid-liquid mixtures P1 regular | 2024 | 3 · 6 |
| 1.2(c) | interpret paper chromatograms incl. comparison with known samples P1 regular | 2024 | 3 · 7 |
| 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter — 2 of 7 not tested | |||
| 2.2(b) | describe atomic structure: nucleons in nucleus, electrons in shells P1 regular | 2024 | 6 · 6 |
| 2.2(c) | define proton (atomic) number and nucleon (mass) number | 2024 | 1 · 7 |
| 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure — 3 of 11 not tested | |||
| 3.1(b) | dot-and-cross diagrams for ionic bonds between metals and non-metals e.g. NaCl, MgCl2 | 2025 | 0 · 9 |
| 3.2(a) | formation of covalent bond by sharing electron pair; noble gas configuration P1 regular | 2024 | 6 · 7 |
| 3.2(d) | relate physical properties (incl. electrical) of covalent substances to structure and bonding | 2024 | 1 · 13 |
| 4. Chemical Calculations — 4 of 10 not tested | |||
| 4.1(a) | state symbols of elements and formulae of compounds in syllabus overdue | 2013 | 0 · 2 |
| 4.1(c) | deduce formulae of ionic compounds from charges on ions and vice versa P1 regular | 2025 | 8 · 5 |
| 4.2(a) | define relative atomic mass Ar | 2025 | 2 · 4 |
| 4.2(c) | define the mole in terms of the Avogadro constant | 2023 | 0 · 1 |
| 5. Acid-Base Chemistry — 4 of 7 not tested | |||
| 5.1(e)comb 5(d) | H+ + OH- -> H2O as neutralisation P1 regular | 2025 | 8 · 7 |
| 5.1(f)comb 5(e) | importance of controlling soil pH; treating excess acidity with calcium hydroxide | 2024 | 2 · 4 |
| 5.1(g)comb 5(f) | characteristic properties of bases: reactions with acids and ammonium salts P1 regular | 2025 | 7 · 4 |
| 5.1(h)comb 5(g) | classify oxides as acidic, basic, amphoteric, neutral P1 regular | 2025 | 11 · 9 |
| 6. Qualitative Analysis — 0 of 3 not tested | |||
| Every outcome in this topic was tested. | |||
| 7. Redox Chemistry — 2 of 3 not tested | |||
| 7.1(a)comb 7(a) | define oxidation and reduction in terms of oxygen/hydrogen gain/loss P1 regular | 2025 | 4 · 10 |
| 7.1(b)comb 7(b) | define redox in terms of electron transfer and changes in oxidation state P1 regular | 2025 | 16 · 12 |
| 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table — 6 of 13 not tested | |||
| 8.1(a) | Periodic Table as arrangement of elements in order of increasing proton number | 2024 | 2 · 3 |
| 8.1(e)comb 8.1(d) | change from metallic to non-metallic character across a period P1 regular | 2025 | 9 · 2 |
| 8.1(f)comb 8.1(e) | relationship between outer electrons and metallic/non-metallic character P1 regular | 2025 | 7 · 5 |
| 8.2(a) | Group 1 alkali metals: soft, low density, trends in mp and reaction with water P1 regular | 2025 | 8 · 11 |
| 8.2(d)comb 8.2(c) | lack of reactivity of noble gases in terms of electronic configuration | 2024 | 2 · 6 |
| 8.4(c)comb 8.3(b) | deduce order of reactivity from experimental results P1 regular | 2025 | 15 · 16 |
| 9. Chemical Energetics — 0 of 1 not tested | |||
| Every outcome in this topic was tested. | |||
| 10. Rate of Reactions — 1 of 2 not tested | |||
| 10(f)comb 10(b) | interpret data from rate-of-reaction experiments P1 regular | 2025 | 11 · 26 |
| 11. Organic Chemistry — 19 of 28 not tested | |||
| 11.1(a) | natural gas (mainly methane) and crude oil as non-renewable energy sources | 2024 | 2 · 0 |
| 11.1(b) | crude oil as hydrocarbon mixture; fractional distillation; fractions with competing uses P1 regular | 2024 | 3 · 8 |
| 11.1(c) | biofuel (bioethanol from sugarcane) as renewable alternative | 2025 | 0 · 1 |
| 11.1(d) | biofuel vs fossil fuels: environmental sustainability via CO2 offset | 2025 | 0 · 1 |
| 11.2(a) | homologous series: general formula, similar chemical properties, gradation in physical properties P1 regular | 2025 | 13 · 16 |
| 11.2(e)comb 11.2(d) | alkanes generally unreactive except combustion and substitution by chlorine P1 regular | 2024 | 7 · 1 |
| 11.2(g)comb 11.2(f) | draw/name alkenes (unbranched C2-C3) | 2025 | 0 · 3 |
| 11.2(h)comb 11.2(g) | manufacture of alkenes and hydrogen by cracking; why cracking is essential | 2023 | 2 · 5 |
| 11.2(i)comb 11.2(h) | saturated vs unsaturated hydrocarbons: molecular structure and aqueous bromine test P1 regular | 2025 | 8 · 19 |
| 11.2(k)comb 11.2(j) | meaning of polyunsaturated applied to food products overdue | 2013 | 2 · 0 |
| 11.2(l)comb 11.2(k) | manufacture of margarine by addition of hydrogen to unsaturated vegetable oils overdue | 2019 | 1 · 1 |
| 11.3(a) | alcohols as homologous series containing -OH | 2024 | 2 · 8 |
| 11.3(b) | draw/name alcohols (unbranched C1-C3) | 2024 | 1 · 9 |
| 11.3(c) | reactions of alcohols: combustion, oxidation to carboxylic acids P1 regular | 2025 | 14 · 4 |
| 11.3(h)comb 11.3(f) | formation of ethanoic acid by oxidation of ethanol (atmospheric O2 or acidified KMnO4) P1 regular | 2025 | 13 · 9 |
| 11.4(a) | polymers as large molecules built from monomers P1 regular | 2024 | 5 · 2 |
| 11.4(c) | uses of poly(ethene) e.g. plastic bags, clingfilm overdue | 2021 | 0 · 1 |
| 11.4(g)comb 11.4(e) | pollution problems from disposal of non-biodegradable plastics | 2025 | 0 · 4 |
| 11.4(j)comb 11.4(g) | social, economic, environmental issues of recycling plastics | 2025 | 0 · 1 |
| 12. Maintaining Air Quality — 5 of 6 not tested | |||
| 12(a) | volume composition of dry air (78% N2, 21% O2, noble gases mainly Ar, CO2) P1 regular | 2025 | 9 · 5 |
| 12(b) | common atmospheric pollutants: CO, methane, NO/NO2, ozone, SO2, unburned hydrocarbons P1 regular | 2025 | 13 · 8 |
| 12(c) | sources of pollutants: CO (incomplete combustion), NOx (lightning, engines), SO2 (volcanoes, fossil fuels) P1 regular | 2025 | 12 · 11 |
| 12(e)comb 12(d) | effects of pollutants on health/environment: toxic CO; NO2/SO2 acid rain effects P1 regular | 2025 | 8 · 8 |
| 12(h)comb 12(f) | CO2 and methane as greenhouse gases; sources; effects of increased levels (extreme weather, melting polar ice) | 2025 | 0 · 3 |
This set is still being written. It will appear here, with its mark scheme, as soon as it is published.
This set is still being written. It will appear here, with its mark scheme, as soon as it is published.
This set is still being written. It will appear here, with its mark scheme, as soon as it is published.
This set is still being written. It will appear here, with its mark scheme, as soon as it is published.
This set is still being written. It will appear here, with its mark scheme, as soon as it is published.
This set is still being written. It will appear here, with its mark scheme, as soon as it is published.
This set is still being written. It will appear here, with its mark scheme, as soon as it is published.
This set is still being written. It will appear here, with its mark scheme, as soon as it is published.
This set is still being written. It will appear here, with its mark scheme, as soon as it is published.
This set is still being written. It will appear here, with its mark scheme, as soon as it is published.
Topic by topic: what the 2026 forecast expected, and what this specimen contains. Paper 3.1 counts Section A in full and one Section B option (the two options are built in parallel, so each counts half).
| Topic | 2026 forecast (marks) | In this paper | Where |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11. Organic Chemistry | 12.2 | 12 | Q6 (2), Q9 (10) |
| 4. Chemical Calculations | 9.7 | 10 | Q7 (3), Q8 (7) |
| 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure | 8.1 | 8 | Q3 (6), Q10 (2), Q11 (2) |
| 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | 7.2 | 7 | Q10 (7), Q11 (7) |
| 6. Qualitative Analysis | 6.7 | 7 | Q7 (7) |
| 5. Acid-Base Chemistry | 4.6 | 5 | Q4 (5) |
| 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | 4.4 | 4 | Q2 (4) |
| 10. Rate of Reactions | 3.7 | 4 | Q5 (4) |
| 12. Maintaining Air Quality | 3.2 | 3 | Q6 (3) |
| 1. Experimental Chemistry | 2.9 | 3 | Q1 (3) |
| 9. Chemical Energetics | 1.2 | 1 | Q5 (1) |
| 7. Redox Chemistry | 1.1 | 1 | Q10 (1), Q11 (1) |
Topic by topic: what the 2026 forecast expected, and what this specimen contains. Paper 3.2 counts Section A in full and one Section B option (the two options are built in parallel, so each counts half).
| Topic | 2026 forecast (marks) | In this paper | Where |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11. Organic Chemistry | 12.2 | 12 | Q6 (2), Q9 (10) |
| 4. Chemical Calculations | 9.7 | 10 | Q7 (3), Q8 (7) |
| 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure | 8.1 | 8 | Q3 (6), Q10 (2), Q11 (2) |
| 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | 7.2 | 7 | Q10 (7), Q11 (7) |
| 6. Qualitative Analysis | 6.7 | 7 | Q7 (7) |
| 5. Acid-Base Chemistry | 4.6 | 5 | Q4 (5) |
| 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | 4.4 | 4 | Q2 (4) |
| 10. Rate of Reactions | 3.7 | 4 | Q5 (4) |
| 12. Maintaining Air Quality | 3.2 | 3 | Q6 (3) |
| 1. Experimental Chemistry | 2.9 | 3 | Q1 (3) |
| 9. Chemical Energetics | 1.2 | 1 | Q5 (1) |
| 7. Redox Chemistry | 1.1 | 1 | Q10 (1), Q11 (1) |
Topic by topic: what the 2026 forecast expected, and what this specimen contains. Paper 3.3 counts Section A in full and one Section B option (the two options are built in parallel, so each counts half).
| Topic | 2026 forecast (marks) | In this paper | Where |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11. Organic Chemistry | 12.2 | 12 | Q6 (2), Q9 (10) |
| 4. Chemical Calculations | 9.7 | 10 | Q7 (3), Q8 (7) |
| 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure | 8.1 | 8 | Q3 (6), Q10 (2), Q11 (2) |
| 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | 7.2 | 7 | Q10 (7), Q11 (7) |
| 6. Qualitative Analysis | 6.7 | 7 | Q7 (7) |
| 5. Acid-Base Chemistry | 4.6 | 5 | Q4 (5) |
| 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | 4.4 | 4 | Q2 (4) |
| 10. Rate of Reactions | 3.7 | 4 | Q5 (4) |
| 12. Maintaining Air Quality | 3.2 | 3 | Q6 (3) |
| 1. Experimental Chemistry | 2.9 | 3 | Q1 (3) |
| 9. Chemical Energetics | 1.2 | 1 | Q5 (1) |
| 7. Redox Chemistry | 1.1 | 1 | Q10 (1), Q11 (1) |
Topic by topic: what the 2026 forecast expected, and what this specimen contains. Paper 3.4 counts Section A in full and one Section B option (the two options are built in parallel, so each counts half).
| Topic | 2026 forecast (marks) | In this paper | Where |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11. Organic Chemistry | 12.2 | 12 | Q6 (2), Q9 (10) |
| 4. Chemical Calculations | 9.7 | 10 | Q7 (3), Q8 (7) |
| 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure | 8.1 | 8 | Q3 (6), Q10 (2), Q11 (2) |
| 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | 7.2 | 7 | Q10 (7), Q11 (7) |
| 6. Qualitative Analysis | 6.7 | 7 | Q7 (7) |
| 5. Acid-Base Chemistry | 4.6 | 5 | Q4 (5) |
| 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | 4.4 | 4 | Q2 (4) |
| 10. Rate of Reactions | 3.7 | 4 | Q5 (4) |
| 12. Maintaining Air Quality | 3.2 | 3 | Q6 (3) |
| 1. Experimental Chemistry | 2.9 | 3 | Q1 (3) |
| 9. Chemical Energetics | 1.2 | 1 | Q5 (1) |
| 7. Redox Chemistry | 1.1 | 1 | Q10 (1), Q11 (1) |
Topic by topic: what the 2026 forecast expected, and what this specimen contains. Paper 3.5 counts Section A in full and one Section B option (the two options are built in parallel, so each counts half).
| Topic | 2026 forecast (marks) | In this paper | Where |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11. Organic Chemistry | 12.2 | 12 | Q6 (2), Q9 (10) |
| 4. Chemical Calculations | 9.7 | 10 | Q7 (3), Q8 (7) |
| 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure | 8.1 | 8 | Q3 (6), Q10 (2), Q11 (2) |
| 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | 7.2 | 7 | Q10 (7), Q11 (7) |
| 6. Qualitative Analysis | 6.7 | 7 | Q7 (7) |
| 5. Acid-Base Chemistry | 4.6 | 5 | Q4 (5) |
| 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | 4.4 | 4 | Q2 (4) |
| 10. Rate of Reactions | 3.7 | 4 | Q5 (4) |
| 12. Maintaining Air Quality | 3.2 | 3 | Q6 (3) |
| 1. Experimental Chemistry | 2.9 | 3 | Q1 (3) |
| 9. Chemical Energetics | 1.2 | 1 | Q5 (1) |
| 7. Redox Chemistry | 1.1 | 1 | Q10 (1), Q11 (1) |
Topic by topic: what the 2026 forecast expected, and what this specimen contains. Paper 3.6 counts Section A in full and one Section B option (the two options are built in parallel, so each counts half).
| Topic | 2026 forecast (marks) | In this paper | Where |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11. Organic Chemistry | 12.2 | 12 | Q6 (2), Q9 (10) |
| 4. Chemical Calculations | 9.7 | 10 | Q7 (3), Q8 (7) |
| 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure | 8.1 | 8 | Q3 (6), Q10 (2), Q11 (2) |
| 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | 7.2 | 7 | Q10 (7), Q11 (7) |
| 6. Qualitative Analysis | 6.7 | 7 | Q7 (7) |
| 5. Acid-Base Chemistry | 4.6 | 5 | Q4 (5) |
| 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | 4.4 | 4 | Q2 (4) |
| 10. Rate of Reactions | 3.7 | 4 | Q5 (4) |
| 12. Maintaining Air Quality | 3.2 | 3 | Q6 (3) |
| 1. Experimental Chemistry | 2.9 | 3 | Q1 (3) |
| 9. Chemical Energetics | 1.2 | 1 | Q5 (1) |
| 7. Redox Chemistry | 1.1 | 1 | Q10 (1), Q11 (1) |
Topic by topic: what the 2026 forecast expected, and what this specimen contains. Paper 3.7 counts Section A in full and one Section B option (the two options are built in parallel, so each counts half).
| Topic | 2026 forecast (marks) | In this paper | Where |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11. Organic Chemistry | 12.2 | 12 | Q6 (2), Q9 (10) |
| 4. Chemical Calculations | 9.7 | 10 | Q7 (3), Q8 (7) |
| 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure | 8.1 | 8 | Q3 (6), Q10 (2), Q11 (2) |
| 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | 7.2 | 7 | Q10 (7), Q11 (7) |
| 6. Qualitative Analysis | 6.7 | 7 | Q7 (7) |
| 5. Acid-Base Chemistry | 4.6 | 5 | Q4 (5) |
| 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | 4.4 | 4 | Q2 (4) |
| 10. Rate of Reactions | 3.7 | 4 | Q5 (4) |
| 12. Maintaining Air Quality | 3.2 | 3 | Q6 (3) |
| 1. Experimental Chemistry | 2.9 | 3 | Q1 (3) |
| 9. Chemical Energetics | 1.2 | 1 | Q5 (1) |
| 7. Redox Chemistry | 1.1 | 1 | Q10 (1), Q11 (1) |
Topic by topic: what the 2026 forecast expected, and what this specimen contains. Paper 3.8 counts Section A in full and one Section B option (the two options are built in parallel, so each counts half).
| Topic | 2026 forecast (marks) | In this paper | Where |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11. Organic Chemistry | 12.2 | 12 | Q6 (2), Q9 (10) |
| 4. Chemical Calculations | 9.7 | 10 | Q7 (3), Q8 (7) |
| 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure | 8.1 | 8 | Q3 (6), Q10 (2), Q11 (2) |
| 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | 7.2 | 7 | Q10 (7), Q11 (7) |
| 6. Qualitative Analysis | 6.7 | 7 | Q7 (7) |
| 5. Acid-Base Chemistry | 4.6 | 5 | Q4 (5) |
| 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | 4.4 | 4 | Q2 (4) |
| 10. Rate of Reactions | 3.7 | 4 | Q5 (4) |
| 12. Maintaining Air Quality | 3.2 | 3 | Q6 (3) |
| 1. Experimental Chemistry | 2.9 | 3 | Q1 (3) |
| 9. Chemical Energetics | 1.2 | 1 | Q5 (1) |
| 7. Redox Chemistry | 1.1 | 1 | Q10 (1), Q11 (1) |
Topic by topic: what the 2026 forecast expected, and what this specimen contains. Paper 3.9 counts Section A in full and one Section B option (the two options are built in parallel, so each counts half).
| Topic | 2026 forecast (marks) | In this paper | Where |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11. Organic Chemistry | 12.2 | 12 | Q6 (2), Q9 (10) |
| 4. Chemical Calculations | 9.7 | 10 | Q7 (3), Q8 (7) |
| 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure | 8.1 | 8 | Q3 (6), Q10 (2), Q11 (2) |
| 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | 7.2 | 7 | Q10 (7), Q11 (7) |
| 6. Qualitative Analysis | 6.7 | 7 | Q7 (7) |
| 5. Acid-Base Chemistry | 4.6 | 5 | Q4 (5) |
| 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | 4.4 | 4 | Q2 (4) |
| 10. Rate of Reactions | 3.7 | 4 | Q5 (4) |
| 12. Maintaining Air Quality | 3.2 | 3 | Q6 (3) |
| 1. Experimental Chemistry | 2.9 | 3 | Q1 (3) |
| 9. Chemical Energetics | 1.2 | 1 | Q5 (1) |
| 7. Redox Chemistry | 1.1 | 1 | Q10 (1), Q11 (1) |
Topic by topic: what the 2026 forecast expected, and what this specimen contains. Paper 3.10 counts Section A in full and one Section B option (the two options are built in parallel, so each counts half).
| Topic | 2026 forecast (marks) | In this paper | Where |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11. Organic Chemistry | 12.2 | 12 | Q6 (2), Q9 (10) |
| 4. Chemical Calculations | 9.7 | 10 | Q7 (3), Q8 (7) |
| 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure | 8.1 | 8 | Q3 (6), Q10 (2), Q11 (2) |
| 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | 7.2 | 7 | Q10 (7), Q11 (7) |
| 6. Qualitative Analysis | 6.7 | 7 | Q7 (7) |
| 5. Acid-Base Chemistry | 4.6 | 5 | Q4 (5) |
| 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | 4.4 | 4 | Q2 (4) |
| 10. Rate of Reactions | 3.7 | 4 | Q5 (4) |
| 12. Maintaining Air Quality | 3.2 | 3 | Q6 (3) |
| 1. Experimental Chemistry | 2.9 | 3 | Q1 (3) |
| 9. Chemical Energetics | 1.2 | 1 | Q5 (1) |
| 7. Redox Chemistry | 1.1 | 1 | Q10 (1), Q11 (1) |
Topic by topic: what the 2026 forecast expected, and what this specimen contains.
| Topic | 2026 forecast (questions) | In this paper | Where |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8. Patterns in the Periodic Table | 3.1 | 3 | Q12, Q13, Q14 |
| 11. Organic Chemistry | 3.0 | 3 | Q17, Q18, Q19 |
| 4. Chemical Calculations | 2.3 | 2 | Q6, Q7 |
| 3. Chemical Bonding and Structure | 1.7 | 2 | Q4, Q5 |
| 2. The Particulate Nature of Matter | 1.5 | 2 | Q2, Q3 |
| 5. Acid-Base Chemistry | 1.4 | 2 | Q8, Q9 |
| 12. Maintaining Air Quality | 1.2 | 1 | Q20 |
| 1. Experimental Chemistry | 1.2 | 1 | Q1 |
| 10. Rate of Reactions | 1.2 | 1 | Q16 |
| 6. Qualitative Analysis | 1.1 | 1 | Q10 |
| 9. Chemical Energetics | 1.1 | 1 | Q15 |
| 7. Redox Chemistry | 1.1 | 1 | Q11 |
Fuels and Crude Oil · Hydrocarbons · Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids and Esters · Polymers
Do not skip:
Formulae and Equation Writing · The Mole Concept and Stoichiometry
Do not skip:
Periodic Trends · Group Properties · Reactivity Series
Ionic Bonding · Covalent Bonding · Elements, Compounds, Mixtures, Alloys · Structure and Properties of Materials
Qualitative Analysis
Kinetic Particle Theory · Atomic Structure
Acids and Bases
Rate of Reactions
Experimental Design · Methods of Purification and Analysis
Maintaining Air Quality
Chemical Energetics
Oxidation and Reduction